GENERAL INFORMATION
The transversospinales muscle group includes three muscles: the semispinalis, multifidus, and rotatores. These muscles span the length of the spine, connecting transverse processes to spinous processes across several vertebral segments. Consequently, they play a crucial role in spinal stability and fine motor control of the vertebral column.
ORIGIN OF TRANSVERSOSPINALES
These muscles originate from the transverse processes of the vertebrae. Therefore, their origin points are strategically located to support their role in spinal movement and stability.
INSERTION POINT
The transversospinales insert into the spinous processes of vertebrae several segments superior to their origin. Thus, their insertion points are essential for connecting different parts of the spine and facilitating coordinated movements.
MAJOR ARTERIES
The posterior branches of the spinal arteries, which are branches of the segmental arteries, supply these muscles. Consequently, these arteries provide the necessary blood flow to support the muscles’ functions.
NEURAL INNERVATION
The transversospinales muscles are innervated by the dorsal rami of the spinal nerves. Therefore, proper nerve function is critical for the activation and control of these deep spinal muscles.
TRIGGER POINT
Trigger points for the transversospinales can be found within the muscle belly along the spine. To relieve tension, these can be stimulated through manual pressure or massage. As a result, targeted therapy can alleviate discomfort and improve muscle function.
CONCENTRIC FUNCTION
The transversospinales muscles extend and rotate the vertebral column. Thus, they are integral to various spinal movements, ensuring effective and controlled extension and rotation.
ECCENTRIC FUNCTION
These muscles control the speed and direction during flexion and rotation of the vertebral column. Consequently, they play a critical role in maintaining stability and control during these movements.
ISOMETRIC FUNCTION
The transversospinales muscles help maintain upright posture and stabilise the spine during movement. Therefore, they are essential for supporting proper posture and spinal alignment.
RELATED MUSCLES (SCIENTIFIC NAMES)
- Longissimus: Part of the erector spinae that aids in extending and laterally flexing the spine.
- Iliocostalis: Helps extend the spine and maintain an erect posture.
- Spinalis: Primarily responsible for the extension of the vertebral column.
- Latissimus Dorsi: Assists in the movement of the vertebral column through its connections to the spine.
- Erector Spinae: A major contributor to spinal extension, rotation, and lateral flexion.
ANTAGONIST MUSCLES
- Rectus Abdominis: Flexes the lumbar spine, opposing the back extensors.
- Obliques (Internal and External): These muscles support trunk rotation and flexion and oppose spinal extension.
- Psoas Major: Flexes and rotates the hip, playing a crucial role against spinal extensors.
COMMON INJURIES
- Strains or sprains: Often occur from improper lifting techniques or overuse.
- Muscle spasms: Usually result from sudden movements as well as excessive strain.
- Herniated discs: Can cause pressure on nearby nerves, leading to pain and dysfunction.
EXERCISES FOR TRANSVERSOSPINALES
- Back Extensions on Stability Ball: Focuses on strengthening the lower back and enhancing spinal alignment.
- Roman Chair Back Extensions: Targets the erector spinae and is also associated with muscles for better posture.
- Deadlifts with Proper Form: Strengthens the entire back and improves core stability.
- Superman Exercises: Engages multiple back muscles, enhancing spinal support.
- Prone Back Extensions: Isolates lower back muscles, crucial for back health and function.
STRETCHES
- Child’s Pose Stretch: Offers a gentle way to relax the back and stretch the spine.
- Cat-Camel Stretch: Enhances spinal flexibility through gentle flexion and extension.
- Lumbar Rotation Stretch: Improves the range of motion and alleviates tightness.
- Standing Forward Bend: Stretches the back and promotes spinal flexibility.
- Seated Forward Bend: Focuses on the lower back and stretches the spinal extensors.
Incorporating these exercises and stretches into a routine can significantly improve spinal health and flexibility, enhance posture, and reduce the risk of injuries associated with the transversospinales muscle group.