GENERAL INFORMATION
The semispinalis cervicis (also known as semispinalis colli) is a muscle in the semispinalis subset of the transversospinales group. It lies in the back of the neck and the upper part of the thoracic region, playing critical roles in extending and rotating the neck and contributing to overall spine stability. Furthermore, it is essential for maintaining proper posture and facilitating coordinated movements of the head and neck.
ORIGIN
The semispinalis cervicis originates from the transverse processes of the upper thoracic vertebrae (usually T1-T6). Its origin in this region allows it to effectively control the movements and stability of the cervical spine.
INSERTION POINT
The semispinalis cervicis inserts onto the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae (usually C2-C5). Therefore, its insertion points provide leverage for its actions on the neck and upper spine.
MAJOR ARTERIES
The deep cervical artery, a branch of the costocervical trunk, primarily supplies the semispinalis cervicis. Proper blood supply is also crucial for muscle health and function.
NEURAL INNERVATION
The posterior rami of the cervical spinal nerves innervate this muscle. Thus, neural innervation ensures the coordinated function and responsiveness of the semispinalis cervicis during various movements.
TRIGGER POINT
Trigger points for the semispinalis cervicis are typically found within the muscle belly in the upper back and neck. They can be stimulated through manual pressure or massage for relief. Addressing trigger points can alleviate discomfort and improve muscle function.
CONCENTRIC FUNCTION
The semispinalis cervicis contributes to the extension and contralateral (opposite side) rotation of the neck. Consequently, it plays a vital role in movements that require looking up or turning the head.
ECCENTRIC FUNCTION
The semispinalis cervicis controls the speed and direction of neck flexion and ipsilateral (same side) rotation. Thus, it helps decelerate and stabilise the neck during forward movements.
ISOMETRIC FUNCTION
When the neck is static or carrying a load, the semispinalis cervicis works isometrically to stabilise the cervical spine. Therefore, it is essential for maintaining neck posture and support during various activities.
RELATED MUSCLES (SCIENTIFIC NAMES)
- Semispinalis Capitis: Assists in head extension and contralateral rotation.
- Semispinalis Thoracis: Extends and rotates the thoracic spine.
- Longissimus Capitis: Aids in extension and lateral flexion of the head.
- Longissimus Cervicis: Supports neck extension and lateral flexion.
- Multifidus: Stabilizes vertebrae during local and segmental movements.
- Rotatores: Small muscles that contribute to spinal rotation and proprioception.
ANTAGONIST MUSCLES
- Sternocleidomastoid: Flexes and rotates the head to the opposite side.
- Scalenes (Anterior, Middle, Posterior): Assist in neck flexion and slight rotation, opposing extension.
- Longus Capitis: Flexes the head, counteracting extension.
- Longus Colli: Supports neck flexion and opposes spinal extension.
COMMON INJURIES
- Strains or sprains: Typically result from overuse or abrupt movements.
- Tension headaches: Can stem from prolonged muscle tightness or trigger points.
- Postural issues Often occur due to inadequate ergonomic setups or incorrect posture habits.
EXERCISES FOR SEMISPINALIS CERVICIS
- Gentle Isometric Neck Exercises: Enhance stability without moving the neck.
- Resistance Band Neck Exercises: Improve strength through controlled extension and rotation.
- Yoga for Neck Mobility: Increases flexibility and strength through gentle stretches and poses.
- Pilates for Core and Neck: Focuses on alignment and muscular balance, enhancing neck support.
- Neck Rotations with Resistance: Use a resistance band to increase muscle endurance and control.
STRETCHES
- Gentle Neck Rotation and Extension Stretches: Mobilize the cervical spine gently to increase flexibility.
- Levator Scapulae Stretch: Relieves tension in the neck and upper shoulders.
- Upper Trapezius Stretch: Eases stiffness and expands the range of motion in the neck.
- Doorway Stretch for Chest and Neck: This stretch opens the anterior muscles of the chest and neck, improving posture.
- Floor Neck Stretch: Lie on the floor and gently stretch the neck using body weight for a deep, controlled stretch.
Implementing these exercises and stretches into your daily routine can significantly improve the strength, flexibility, and overall health of the semispinalis cervicis, promoting better spinal alignment and reducing the risk of neck-related injuries.