GENERAL INFORMATION
The deep perineal pouch is a potential space located in the perineum between the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm (perineal membrane) and the superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm. It contains several structures, including muscles, blood vessels, nerves as well as glands.
ORIGIN
The deep perineal pouch muscle originates from the inferior pubic ramus as well as the ischial ramus.
INSERTION POINT
The deep perineal pouch inserts into the connective tissue surrounding the urethra.
MAJOR ARTERIES
The deep perineal pouch muscle is supplied by branches of the internal pudendal artery, including the artery to the bulb of the penis or clitoris and the dorsal artery of the penis or clitoris.
NEURAL INNERVATION
The external urethral sphincter is innervated by the pudendal nerve (S2-S4), which provides sensory and motor innervation to the perineum.
TRIGGER POINT
Trigger points in the external urethral sphincter muscle can cause pain and discomfort in the perineal region.
CONCENTRIC FUNCTION
During contraction, the deep perineal pouch muscle tightens to maintain continence and control the flow of urine or semen.
ECCENTRIC FUNCTION
The eccentric function of the external urethral sphincter occurs during relaxation. It allows for the passage of urine or semen through the urethra.
ISOMETRIC FUNCTION
The deep perineal pouch can contract isometrically to provide support and stabilisation to the perineum and pelvic floor muscles.
RELATED MUSCLE SCIENTIFIC NAMES
- Compressor urethrae: A muscle that assists the deep perineal pouch in controlling urine flow.
- Deep, transverse perineal muscle: Part of the urogenital diaphragm, it provides structural support to the perineum.
ANTAGONIST MUSCLES
- Bulbospongiosus: This muscle helps expel the last drops of urine in males and contributes to erection and ejaculation.
- Ischiocavernosus: Assists in maintaining erection by compressing the veins of the penis or clitoris.
COMMON INJURIES
- Perineal tears during childbirth: Tears in the perineum that can damage the deep perineal pouch muscle.
- Strain or sprain of the external urethral sphincter muscle: Overuse or injury causing pain and dysfunction.
- Perineal trauma from accidents or falls: Impact injuries that can affect the external urethral sphincter and surrounding tissues.
EXERCISES
- Kegel exercises: Strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, including the external urethral sphincter, through contraction and relaxation.
- Pelvic floor muscle exercises: Improve perineal muscle strength and control, enhancing overall pelvic health.
- Squats: Engage the perineal muscles and improve pelvic stability and strength.
STRETCHES
- Butterfly stretch: Stretches the inner thighs and perineal muscles, enhancing flexibility.
- Happy baby pose: Releases tension in the perineum and lower back, promoting relaxation.
- Seated forward fold: Stretches the hamstrings and perineal area, relieving tension.
- Child’s pose: Stretches the perineum and relaxes the pelvic floor muscles, aiding in overall muscle relaxation.